{"id":8013,"date":"2023-07-17T15:24:33","date_gmt":"2023-07-17T07:24:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.huashu-tech.com\/?p=8013"},"modified":"2024-02-27T19:30:31","modified_gmt":"2024-02-27T11:30:31","slug":"scientists-discover-new-way-to-prevent-spacecraft-errors","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.huashu-tech.com\/vi\/scientists-discover-new-way-to-prevent-spacecraft-errors\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra c\u00e1ch m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba l\u1ed7i t\u00e0u v\u0169 tr\u1ee5"},"content":{"rendered":"

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u H\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n Qu\u1ed1c gia MEPhI (Nga) v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7n Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Khoa h\u1ecdc Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7n H\u00e0n l\u00e2m Khoa h\u1ecdc Nga g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu l\u1ed7i, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng gian.<\/p>\n

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C\u00e1c vi m\u1ea1ch th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong \u00f4 t\u00f4 v\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng gian do \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady th\u1ea5p khi ch\u1ecbu b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 kh\u00f4ng gian. Trong kh\u00f4ng gian, c\u00e1c ion n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao g\u00e2y ra l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb. Do \u0111\u00f3, khi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ASIC (M\u1ea1ch t\u00edch h\u1ee3p d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng) cho t\u00e0u v\u0169 tr\u1ee5,\u00a0c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc<\/a>\u00a0c\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu l\u1ed7i (n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 tin c\u1eady).<\/p>\n

\u201cV\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9\u00a0Chu tr\u00ecnh<\/a>\u00a0Maxim Gorbunov, tr\u1ee3 l\u00fd gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 t\u1ea1i MEPhI cho bi\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed tr\u00ean chip m\u1ea1ch, kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng t\u0103ng l\u00ean. \u201cC\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch n\u00e0y, n\u1eb1m \u1edf kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch xa, ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 h\u00f3a theo t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 xung nh\u1ecbp c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang (chu k\u1ef3 xung nh\u1ecbp c\u1ee7a CPU m\u1ed7i gi\u00e2y). \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, n\u1ebfu t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u do b\u1ed9 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 t\u1ea1o ra kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c th\u00ec m\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.\u201d<\/p>\n

Gorbunov cho bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p bao g\u1ed3m s\u1ef1 suy gi\u1ea3m c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a vi m\u1ea1ch. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9, kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 h\u00f3a t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 xung nh\u1ecbp, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n

\u201cTrong c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9, vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch x\u1ea3y ra song song v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ec5; \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch n\u00e0y hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ti\u00eau t\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang,\u201d Gorbunov gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch. "C\u00e1c\u00a0d\u1eef li\u1ec7u<\/a>\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn x\u1eed l\u00fd nhanh nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd cho ph\u00e9p v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 khi n\u00e0o c\u00e1c chip vi m\u1ea1ch t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng.\u201d<\/p>\n

Khi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch n\u00e0y, s\u1ebd kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ch\u00fang. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng chung \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ea1ch kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft v\u1eabn ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

Gorbunov cho bi\u1ebft: \u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. \u201cNg\u00e0y nay, c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf (k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed vi m\u1ea1ch) kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 10 nanomet. C\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf s\u1ebd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nhanh h\u01a1n c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 v\u00ec ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 h\u00f3a.\u201d<\/p>\n

Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc Nga \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c vi m\u1ea1ch kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 nhanh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady h\u01a1n. B\u00e0i b\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed\u00a0Acta du h\u00e0nh v\u0169 tr\u1ee5<\/i>, b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed Muller C ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ed7i\u2014c\u00e1c c\u1ed5ng logic c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed C l\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb logic c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb t\u00edch h\u1ee3p. V\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, ch\u00fang l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u1ed1i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00f3 hai \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o; khi ch\u00fang tr\u00f9ng nhau, t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c, nh\u01b0ng khi kh\u00f4ng tr\u00f9ng nhau, c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed s\u1ebd l\u01b0u gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0o b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i b\u00e1o cho bi\u1ebft: \u201cB\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p DICE (Dual Interlocked Cell), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9, cho ba thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed C, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ba thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed C DICE m\u1edbi v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu l\u1ed7i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n\u201d. Igor Danilov, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn M\u1ea1ch VLSI ch\u1ecbu l\u1ed7i b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng RAS.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1edbi n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c vi m\u1ea1ch kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu l\u1ed7i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.\u00a0ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng gian<\/a>.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Scientists from the National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Russia) and the Scientific Research Institute of System Analysis of the Russian Academy of Sciences have recently developed components for designing fault-tolerant asynchronous circuits, which can be used in space vehicles.   Microcircuits that are traditionally used in cars and computers are poorly suited to space vehicles<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":8029,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1,321],"tags":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.huashu-tech.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8013"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.huashu-tech.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.huashu-tech.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.huashu-tech.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.huashu-tech.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8013"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.huashu-tech.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8013\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8030,"href":"https:\/\/www.huashu-tech.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8013\/revisions\/8030"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.huashu-tech.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8029"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.huashu-tech.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8013"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.huashu-tech.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8013"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.huashu-tech.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8013"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}